national income — BSSC Economics

50 Questions • 30 Minutes • Economics Mock Test in Hindi and English

Sample Questions from this Test

Question 1:

Who among the following was the first to estimate India's national income, and what was the per capita income estimated by him?
A.P.C. Mahalanobis; ₹225
B.V.K.R.V. Rao; ₹34
C.Dadabhai Naoroji; ₹20
D.Simon Kuznets; ₹225

• Key Fact
Dadabhai Naoroji first estimated India's national income in 1868 at ₹20 per capita in his book "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India".

• Supporting Detail
This income was significantly lower than the ₹34 required to meet basic necessities at that time.

• Related Concept
He is famous for the "Drain Theory", which explained the draining of Indian wealth by the British.

• Why wrong options are wrong
Mahalanobis estimated ₹225 much later in 1949. Kuznets introduced the GDP concept.

• Exam Trick
Link "Naoroji" to "1868" and "₹20" as the absolute starting point of Indian economic estimates.

• Additional Info
The first official National Income Committee in independent India was formed in 1949.

Question 2:

Consider the following statements regarding the concepts of National Income:
1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is territory-based.
2. Gross National Product (GNP) is residency-based.
3. GDP includes net factor income from abroad (NFIA).
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A.1 and 2 only
B.2 and 3 only
C.1 and 3 only
D.All of the above

• Key Fact
GDP is territory-based (produced within borders), while GNP is residency-based (earned by nationals).

• Supporting Detail
GDP measures the value of all final goods and services within a country's borders in a year.

• Related Concept
GNP = GDP + Net Factor Income from Abroad (NFIA).

• Why wrong options are wrong
Statement 3 is false because NFIA is added to GDP to get GNP; GDP itself does not include it.

• Exam Trick
GDP = Domestic (Inside borders). GNP = National (By citizens, anywhere).

• Additional Info
GNP excludes income earned by foreigners within the country.

Question 3:

Assertion (A): National Income is equivalent to Net National Product (NNP) at Factor Cost.
Reason (R): NNP at Factor Cost includes net indirect taxes and depreciation.
A.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
B.Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
C.A is true but R is false
D.A is false but R is true

• Key Fact
NNP at Factor Cost (FC) is strictly defined as National Income.

• Supporting Detail
NNP at FC is calculated by subtracting Net Indirect Taxes from NNP at Market Price.

• Related Concept
Net concepts always exclude depreciation. (Net = Gross - Depreciation).

• Why wrong options are wrong
Reason (R) is false because Factor Cost excludes net indirect taxes, and 'Net' excludes depreciation.

• Exam Trick
Always remember: Gross to Net = subtract depreciation. Market Price to Factor Cost = subtract net indirect taxes.

• Additional Info
Factor Cost reflects the true cost of factors of production (land, labour, capital, entrepreneurship).

Question 4:

In the context of the Circular Flow of Income, which of the following is considered an 'injection' into the economy?
A.Savings
B.Taxes
C.Imports
D.Investment

• Key Fact
Injections are additions of money into the circular flow from sources other than households, such as Investment, Government spending, and Exports.

• Supporting Detail
If the government builds a highway (injection), it creates jobs and income.

• Related Concept
Leakages drop demand; they include Savings (S), Taxes (T), and Imports (M).

• Why wrong options are wrong
Savings, taxes, and imports represent money leaving the immediate circular flow, making them leakages, not injections.

• Exam Trick
Injections = I, G, X (Investment, Gov, eXports). Leakages = S, T, M (Savings, Taxes, iMports).

• Additional Info
The circular flow involves 5 sectors: Households, Firms, Government, Financial Market, and Foreign Sector.

Question 5:

Match the Methods of Calculating National Income (List I) with their specific focal points (List II):
List I (Method)
I. Income Method
II. Expenditure Method
III. Product Method

List II (Focus)
1. Value added at each stage
2. Earned incomes (wages, rent, interest, profit)
3. Total spending (C+I+G+(X-M))
A.I-2, II-3, III-1
B.I-3, II-2, III-1
C.I-1, II-3, III-2
D.I-2, II-1, III-3

• Key Fact
The Income Method focuses on earned incomes only (Wages, Rent, Interest, Profit).

• Supporting Detail
Expenditure Method sums up total spending: Consumption (C) + Investment (I) + Government (G) + Net Exports (X-M).

• Related Concept
Product (Value-Added) Method calculates GDP by adding the Value Added at each stage of production.

• Why wrong options are wrong
Any other matching incorrectly pairs the theoretical definitions of these three foundational methods.

• Exam Trick
Income = Earnings. Expenditure = Spending. Product = Value Added.

• Additional Info
All three methods provide a different perspective on the same economic activity and theoretically yield the same result.

Question 6:

Which organization is currently responsible for estimating National Income in India and publishing the GDP data?
A.Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
B.NITI Aayog
C.National Statistical Office (NSO)
D.Indian Statistical Institute (ISI)

• Key Fact
The National Statistical Office (NSO) is the organization that reports the GDP at factor cost and market prices.

• Supporting Detail
NSO was formed in 2019 by merging the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) and the Central Statistical Office (CSO).

• Related Concept
The NSO functions under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).

• Why wrong options are wrong
RBI handles monetary policy, and NITI Aayog is a policy think tank; neither publishes core GDP figures.

• Exam Trick
CSO + NSSO = NSO (2019). Look for NSO in current contexts.

• Additional Info
The first official estimate by CSO was published in the year 1956.

Question 7:

If the Nominal GDP of a country is ₹500 crores and the Real GDP is ₹400 crores, what is the GDP Deflator?
A.80
B.120
C.125
D.150

• Key Fact
The formula for GDP Deflator is: (Nominal GDP / Real GDP) × 100.

• Supporting Detail
Plugging in the values: (500 / 400) × 100 = 1.25 × 100 = 125.

• Related Concept
The GDP Deflator measures inflation. A result > 100 indicates that prices have risen (inflation) since the base year.

• Why wrong options are wrong
80 would be (400/500)*100 which is inverse. Other options are mathematically incorrect.

• Exam Trick
Always put Nominal (Current Prices) on top and Real (Constant Prices) on the bottom. N/R * 100.

• Additional Info
It is considered a more comprehensive indicator of inflation than CPI because it covers all domestically produced goods and services.

Question 8:

Fill in the blank: Personal Income = National Income – Undistributed Corporate Profits – Corporate Taxes + __________.
A.Net Indirect Taxes
B.Subsidies
C.Transfer Payments
D.Depreciation

• Key Fact
Personal Income (PI) = National Income - Undistributed Profits - Corporate Taxes + Transfer Payments.

• Supporting Detail
Personal income reflects the total income received by individuals from all sources before personal taxes are deducted.

• Related Concept
Transfer payments are incomes not produced by any production process (e.g., pensions, scholarships).

• Why wrong options are wrong
Indirect taxes and subsidies adjust MP to FC, and depreciation adjusts Gross to Net; they do not apply directly to personal income distribution.

• Exam Trick
To find what a person actually gets (PI), subtract what companies keep (retained profits/taxes) and add what the government gives for free (transfers).

• Additional Info
If we further subtract direct personal taxes from PI, we get Disposable Income (DI).

Question 9:

Which of the following describes an economy that is in a "just right" state, characterized by steady growth, moderate inflation, and low unemployment?
A.Command Economy
B.Goldilocks Economy
C.Green Economy
D.Closed Economy

• Key Fact
A "Goldilocks Economy" describes an economy that is in a "just right" state—steady growth, moderate inflation, and low unemployment.

• Supporting Detail
It represents ideal conditions for sustainable long-term growth.

• Related Concept
This prevents the economy from either overheating (high inflation) or falling into stagnation (recession).

• Why wrong options are wrong
Green economy focuses on environmental costs. Command economy is state-controlled.

• Exam Trick
Just like the fairy tale porridge that was "not too hot, not too cold", a Goldilocks economy is perfectly balanced.

• Additional Info
Stabilisation policies by governments try to achieve this state by smoothing out aggregate output swings.

Question 10:

Identify the correct chronological sequence of the implementation of the following taxes in India:
I. Service Tax
II. Land Revenue
III. MODVAT
IV. Sales Tax
A.II, IV, III, I
B.I, II, III, IV
C.IV, III, II, I
D.II, III, IV, I

• Key Fact
The correct sequence is Land Revenue (oldest) -> Sales Tax (1956) -> MODVAT (1986) -> Service Tax (1994).

• Supporting Detail
Land revenue was prevalent even before the British era, making it the oldest.

• Related Concept
Sales tax was introduced via the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956.

• Why wrong options are wrong
Any other sequence places newer taxes like Service Tax (1994) or MODVAT (1986) before older ones.

• Exam Trick
Remember the timeline: Land (Ancient) -> Sales (1956) -> MODVAT (1986) -> Service Tax (1994).

• Additional Info
MODVAT (Modified Value Added Tax) was meant to streamline the indirect tax system.

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